Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) can develop after an injury or surgery, causing pain that is disproportionate to the original trauma.
Several treatment approaches are available, and early intervention may help improve the course of the condition. This article explains what CRPS is, its symptoms, and the treatment options available.
What Is Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) ?
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a group of chronic neuropathic pain conditions in which pain is significantly greater than would normally be expected from the initial injury. This pain is believed to result from abnormal processing of pain signals by the brain and spinal cord. CRPS most often develops after trauma or surgery, although in some cases no clear cause can be identified.
CRPS Type 1
CRPS Type 1, formerly known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), develops after an injury to tissues without an identifiable nerve injury. It is the most common form of CRPS. It may occur after a fracture, sprain, or even a relatively minor procedure.
CRPS Type 2
CRPS Type 2, previously called causalgia, involves a confirmed nerve injury. Although less common than Type 1, it produces similar symptoms but with documented nerve damage.
Physiotherapy Treatment for CRPS
According to current scientific evidence, physiotherapy is one of the main pillars in the management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. The goal is to gradually restore the function of the affected limb while respecting each individual's tolerance and recovery pace.
How Is CRPS Treated Effectively ?
Mirror Therapy and Graded Motor Imagery
Mirror therapy is a form of graded motor imagery that aims to promote the reorganization of certain areas of the brain. This technique has been used in the treatment of chronic pain conditions, including CRPS.
The principle is simple : you sit in front of a mirror that reflects your healthy limb while hiding the affected one. As you move the healthy limb and observe its reflection, the brain receives visual information suggesting that movement can occur without pain. Over time, this approach may help modify the brain's interpretation of pain signals.
Mobility and Strengthening Exercises
The primary objective is to gradually restore normal range of motion, strength, and function in the affected limb.
Gentle mobility exercises help reduce joint stiffness while avoiding excessive pain. Strengthening exercises are introduced progressively according to your tolerance and recovery.
Frequently asked questions
Physiotherapy Approaches for CRPS